The Historical Jesus and the Shema; adapted from The Jesus Creed by Scot Mcknight.
“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.” Deuteronomy 6:4-5
“…you shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Leviticus 19:18
Today we see loving God and loving others as the central command of following God. In Jesus’ time, the Shema was an integral part of Jewish spiritual formation. Jesus changed it for all time and it still has implications for us today.
The Shema is the most basic Jewish prayer. It is said every morning and every evening.
[1] It really is the central prayer to Jewish spiritual formation and the essential creed of the Jewish faith.
[2] It outlines who God is and how to love Him; mainly that God is one, and you love God by following Torah. Jews in Jesus’ time would have been very familiar with it. It is comprised of Deuteronomy 6:4-9, 11:13-21, and Numbers 15:37-41. These are the words God spoke to Moses just before the Israelites entered into the Promised Land.
[3]“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. And these words that I command you today shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.”
Deuteronomy 6:4-9
What you see here is the beginning of Shema. Most Christians are familiar with the second line of the prayer that tells us to love God with all of our heart, soul and might. This is what was considered the greatest commandment by Jews of Jesus’ day. The rest of the Shema goes on to outline a Torah approach to spiritual formation: memorize, recite, instruct, and write out the Torah. They would even wear tzitzit (fringes) to remind themselves of Torah. The central theme of this creed is to love God by following Torah.
[4] This is the world that Jesus found himself in. It was a world of laws and rules and loving God by following all of them.
When Jesus came, he made two large changes to the Shema as it was known at the time. He changed it by saying that you love God by following me, instead of Torah. He also added to it by inserting Leviticus 19:18 “…you shall love your neighbor as yourself.” The Jesus Creed, as Scot Mcknight puts it, is, “love God and love others.” This has become the central theme to the Christian faith.
[5]In Matthew 22 a Pharisee asked Jesus which was the greatest commandment in the law. Jesus responded to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.” (Matthew 22:37-40) This is the moment when Jesus added the second part to the Shema. We do not realize how revolutionary that was for the time.
Loving others was not unknown to Judaism. Jesus did not introduce anything that was not present in Judaism in the first place. After all, the piece he adds also came from the Old Testament, Leviticus 19:18. Loving others was central to Judaism but it was not part of the central creed of Judaism. When Jesus added this, he was acknowledging that loving others was part of the Jewish faith. He took it a step further, however, and made loving others an essential part of spiritual formation.
[6]The other change Jesus made to the Shema was that to love God was to follow him. There were many times that Jesus overturned a hard and fast rule to show that he knew best. One such example is at the end of Luke 9 Jesus asked a man to follow him. The man requested that he have time to go and bury his father. Jesus told him to “let the dead bury their own dead” and leave everything and follow him. It is highly unlikely the man’s father was lying dead on a bed at home. He was probably observing a Jewish custom designed to honor his father by taking a year for a burial ritual. Jesus overturns this man’s following of what he understood the Torah to say and instead told him to “follow me.” The spiritual life was now all about loving God by following Jesus instead of loving God by following Torah.
[7]For Jews of Jesus’, time spiritual formation began with the Shema. They recited it often and it shaped their view of how they became closer to God. Jesus changed the central creed to love God by following him and love others. This creed of, love God and love others, is the main message Jesus came to teach. Following it is the key to spiritual formation as Jesus saw it.
[8]Since loving God and loving others is key to spiritual growth how do we get there? What do we do? We can begin by doing the same thing the Jews of Jesus’ day did, saying the creed multiple times a day. The Shema is said every morning, “when you rise,” and every evening, “when you lie down.” It is my proposition that as part of our spiritual formation that we begin to say this creed. Start to get this idea, this saying, into the forefront of your mind. As you say it more and more often you will constantly be thinking of loving God and loving others.
One of the many things reciting the Jesus Creed will do in your life is to help take the focus off of yourself. To truly love is a sacrificial act. The phrase, “selfish love,” is an oxymoron. Selfish love cannot exist. If you are constantly reminding yourself to love God and love others you will begin to think of yourself less and others more.
When we take the focus off of ourselves, the gospel can seem more like good news and less like a scolding. Like the Jews of Jesus’ day, we can become wrapped up in the rules of the Bible. Christians and non-Christians alike can begin to see Christianity as a list of things not to do. We have become quite self absorbed and see the gospel as taking away certain freedoms that we “enjoy.” Promiscuous sex, drunkenness, greed, lust for power, and gossip are fun right? Constantly reminding ourselves to love God and love others will help us not to focus on ourselves too much.
As we take the focus off of ourselves, loving others begins to fill in the gap. We now begin to think about other people. This makes love personal. This love is not a corporate “the church should…” but “I should…” Reminding myself to love God and love others puts emphasis on what I do today to show love to other people.
This love for others can be seen at the local homeless shelter and AIDS house. As North Coast Church’s Pastor of Community Service I spend a lot of time thinking about how we, as a church, can show love to others. We spend thousand of dollars and hours every year helping the less fortunate of our cities. The love we have been able to show people is amazing. This is truly loving God and loving others.
There is another side of loving others as well. Church programs and high visibility projects are definitely an example of what Jesus was telling us to do. Sometimes the more difficult task is to wake up in the morning, recite the Jesus Creed, then change the baby’s diaper, take out the trash, and tidy up the kitchen. Loving my wife can be more difficult than running a program that feeds hundreds of people a day. Loving those we see every day like our family, friends, coworkers, and strangers we pass by is hard. Service projects are an important part of what it means to show love to others but we can never neglect the day to day love that truly transforms our personhood.
“Love in action is a harsh and dreadful thing compared to love in dreams. Love in dreams is greedy for immediate action, rapidly performed and in the sight of all.”
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
My challenge to you, the reader, is this. Begin to recite the Jesus Creed during your day. There is some real truth to keeping your mind set on certain things. Say it when you wake up, at meals, every time you get in and out of a car, before and after a meeting, and as you lie down at night. Try it for at least a week and see if it changes how you treat other people, and where your thoughts go. Following Jesus and treating others as children of God and deserving of our love is what Jesus asks us to do when he said, “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.” (Matthew 16:24-25) Our minds are shaped by what we put into them. Reciting the Jesus Creed will put love on our minds and form us to be more like him.
[1] Kosofsky, Scott-Martin. The Book of Customs: A Complete handbook for the Jewish Year. San Fransisco, CA: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2004. P. 27
[2] Hoffman, Lawrence A. The Way Into Jewish Prayer. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2000. P. 22
[3] Kosofsky, Scott-Martin. The Book of Customs: A Complete handbook for the Jewish Year. San Fransisco, CA: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2004. P. 28
[4] McKnight, Scot. The Jesus Creed: loving God, loving Others. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2004. P. 7
[5] McKnight, Scot. The Jesus Creed: loving God, loving Others. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2004. P. 7
[6] IBID p. 9
[7] McKnight, Scot. The Jesus Creed: loving God, loving Others. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2004. P.11
[8] IBID P. 11